Issue Spotting can help trigger useful questions to improve your understanding of the complexities of the science policy issue.

As a science policy analyst, or even just as an informed citizen, it is not always enough to know where and how science policy is made, but to also have an informed opinion on the typical tensions and challenges that arise whenever science policy is created. Aside from being able to help you think critically about policy issues affecting society, having a solid grasp on common issues will help you anticipate, and hopefully mitigate the worst of problems that arise with science policy should the policy you’re assessing someday be written by you.

So, just as entomologists have their butterfly nets and nanoscientists have their nano-tape measures (we presume), science policy analysts and the like should have their own set of tools and methods to make sound judgments of important science topics.

In this section, we present a toolbox of issue spotting topics we find applicable to most, if not, all science policy. Included for each issue spotting topic is an in-depth explanation of the issue, a case example and resources for further reading. We suggest starting each section by first reviewing the case study they proceeding to remainder of the topic.

Below you’ll find a quick overview of these topics with an accompanying question or two that you can use to quickly remind yourself of the finer points of each. 

Open the topics below and select the link to go to the lesson page.

Science Policy Issue Spotting Topics

What policy mechanisms are available to achieve the end means? What are the benefits and consequences of the alternatives? Go to Policy Lever page

What is the appropriate level or form of government to address the science policy topic? What competing interests are present?

What is the appropriate means of issuing and enforcing the science policy? How are conflicts resolved within interested stakeholders?

Is all of the relevant information available to understand the science policy topic at hand? What barriers exist to acquiring the necessary information?

How should assessments be made? What is the appropriate response to perceived risk? How are the risks communicated and mitigated for stakeholders?

How valid and resilient is the available research to make informed policy? How are conflicts of interest in research treated?

What competing interests and responsibilities do policy makers have? How are conflicts between science and other interests handled?

How does the availability of resources affect what science policy is possible? How are priorities set in the face of economic scarcity?

How do proprietary interests affect science policy and/or the availability of data or tools for society?

How are unintended consequences or value conflicts within research anticipated and dealt with?